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We are thrilled to announce the successful defence of Melissa Gregg’s PhD thesis, titled: “Courts of Public Opinion: Practitioner Responses to Criticism Practices against International Criminal Courts and Tribunals”.

Abstract

International Criminal Courts and Tribunals (ICTs) are the subjects of protracted critiques against their work, which some have characterised as leading international criminal law to a point of crisis. Drawing on 30 interviews with ICT practitioners and an analysis of 50 speeches by International Criminal Court (ICC) officials, this research investigates how insiders perceive, strategise against, and communicate in response to criticism practices ranging from objections to backlash. It situates the underlying purpose of ICTs within the broader frameworks of legitimacy and deterrence, highlighting how perceptions of inefficiency, excessive costs, and targeted prosecutions challenge institutional integrity. This research reveals an inherent disconnect between internal narratives and external expectations, as well as an absence of coherent communication strategies capable of effectively or consistently mitigating criticism practices. The study posits that narrative stalemates - repetitive and unresolved cycles of critiques and defences - undermine ICT resilience and legitimacy. Efforts to counteract criticism practices must include more innovative, transparent, and context-specific institutional responses. Recommendations are offered to strengthen internal and external communication, improve stakeholder engagement, and safeguard institutional legitimacy in an era of heightened resistance.

We are incredibly proud of her achievement and look forward to seeing the impact of her work in the years to come.